The Wittelsbach class was part of the major German fleet building program that started in the final years of the 19th century. Being very similar in armament and armor protection to their predecessors, the Kaiser Friedrich class, those ships and their successors formed the core of the german battle fleet until the arrival of the first modern battleships, the Nassau class in 1909.

The very maneuverable ships were already outdated at the outbreak of World War I and were activly used only in the first years. Until 1916, all five were used for fleet services, Schwaben was mainly used as artillery training ship up to 1911 when the Wettin took over this role until 1914. In 1916, all of them were removed from active fleet service. 
After its active duty, the Mecklenburg was first used as a prison ship until 1918, followed as a duty as submarine tender and floating barrack. The ship was scrapped in 1921.